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Electrical Production by Canadian Nuclear Reactors in 2002
[A. CANDU Technology] [B. The Industry] [C. Cost/Benefit] [D. Safety/Liability] [E. Waste] [F. Security/Non-Proliferation] [G. Uranium] [H. Research Reactors] [I. Other R&D] [J. Further Info]

FOR THE YEAR:  
  2002 
 
Total nuclear production: 
  71,000,000  
  MWh(e) net 1
Equivalent usage: 
  6,500,000  
  Canadian homes 2
Wholesale value: 
  3,000,000,000  
  Cdn. dollars 3
 
TOTAL AIR POLLUTION  
AND GREENHOUSE GASES AVOIDED:
 
Carbon dioxide (CO2) avoided: 
  65,000,000  
  tonnes 4
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) avoided: 
  250,000  
  tonnes 5
Sulpher dioxide (SO2) avoided: 
  290,000  
  tonnes 6
Particulate emissions avoided: 
  91,000  
  tonnes 7
Deaths due to respiratory illness avoided 8
  100 - 900  
 
MONTHLY SUMMARY FOR 2002 9


NOTES:

  1. "Total nuclear production" is the total electrical energy supplied to the grid by Canadian nuclear reactors in 2002, based upon monthly data published in Nucleonics Week (a Platts publication).
    "MWh(e) net" = "Megawatt-hours (electrical) net". 1 MWh = 1,000 kWh.
    "GWh(e) net" = "Gigawatt-hours (electrical) net". 1 GWh = 1,000,000 kWh.

  2. "Equivalent usage" is an illustrative estimate only, based upon an average electricity monthly domestic usage of 972 kWh per home (source: Ontario Power Generation). In practice only about 30% of electricity production (in Ontario) is for residential use; the majority is for industrial and commercial customers.

  3. "Wholesale value" is based upon an estimate of $0.038/kWh(e) (source: Nucleonics Week, March 1, 2001).

  4. "CO2 avoided" is based upon an average emission of 0.85 tonnes of carbon dioxide per MWh(e) of coal-fired electricity generation, the principal energy source displaced by nuclear power in Canada (source: Ontario Power Generation's solar array energy tracking page). Carbon dioxide is a "greenhouse gas" that has been proposed by many scientists to be a significant contributor to global climate change.

  5. "NOx avoided" is based upon an average emission of 0.0033 tonnes of nitrogen oxides per MWh(e) of coal-fired electricity generation, the principal energy source displaced by nuclear power in Canada (source: Ontario Power Generation's solar array energy tracking page). Nitrogen oxides are a major ingredient of smog, linked to respiratory illness.

  6. "SO2 avoided" is based upon an average emission of 0.0038 tonnes of sulphur dioxide per MWh(e) of coal-fired electricity generation, the principal energy source displaced by nuclear power in Canada (source: Ontario Power Generation's solar array energy tracking page). Sulphur dioxide is a contributor to smog (linked to respiratory illness), as well as acid rain (linked to environmental degradation and property damage).

  7. "Particulate air pollution avoided" is based upon an average emission of 0.0012 tonnes of particulate air pollution per MWh(e) of coal-fired electricity generation, the principal energy source displaced by nuclear power in Canada (source: Ontario Power Generation submission to hearings on its 1989 Demand/Supply Plan). Particulate air pollution is linked to respiratory illness.

  8. "Deaths due to respiratory illness avoided" is a range based upon studies1 estimating the annual number of deaths in North America from respiratory illness due to coal-fired electricity generation in the range of 20 to 100 per GWe-year. This suggests that between 300 and 1600 people die each year from Canadian coal-fired electricity generation, and that nuclear power, since its inception in Canada, has saved between 4000 and 20,000 lives by displacing coal burning. These mortality figures should be taken as illustrative only, since they are based upon broad-population, chronic-exposure studies that were not meant to predict the effects on specific populations of relatively small (e.g. monthly) exposures. (The figures also apply to both Canada and the U.S.A., since much of the air pollution found in high-population centres like southern Ontario is blown in from upwind areas of the United States, and much of the pollution created in places like southern Ontario is blown into downwind areas of the United States. Click here for more information from Ontario Power Generation.)
    [1] See R. Wilson, S. Colome, J. Spengler, D. Wilson, Health Effects of Fossil Fuel Burning: Assessment and Mitigation, Ballinger Publishing Co., 1980; Also, P. Beckmann, The Health Hazards of Not Going Nuclear, The Golem Press, 1979.

  9. "Total monthly air pollution & GHGs avoided" is the sum of the four contributions to air-pollution and greenhouse-gas (GHG) avoidance listed above. This number (in tonnes) is roughly the same as total production (in MWhe); therefore, as a rule of thumb, one may say that in Canada, a kilogram of air pollution is avoided for every kilowatt-hour of electricity generated by nuclear power (which would use 20 milligrams of uranium). This assumes that coal generation is displaced by nuclear generation, as is currently the case in this country.

Compiled by Jeremy Whitlock and Morgan Brown.

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